A Professor of Stylistics, Lagos State University, LASU, Prof. Gabriel Osoba, has said the standard of education can be negatively affected by the low standard of communicative competence in English, ...

MORE often than not, language abilities are measured by way of fluency and accuracy in accomplishing context-free language tasks. This is evident in how internationally recognized tests like the ...

The CEFR organises language proficiency in six levels, A1 to C2, which can be regrouped into three broad levels: Basic User, Independent User and Proficient User, and that can be further subdivided ...

Pragmatic competence—the ability to navigate the subtleties of social and cultural language use—remains a pivotal area in second language acquisition research. This aspect of language proficiency ...

Although English is widely recognized as a global language, hiring practices in English Language Teaching (ELT) often continue to privilege native-speaker status. This qualitative study explores how ...