Recent announcements by the US Government linking paracetamol use during pregnancy to autism in offspring highlight the risks of misinterpreting observational research to inform policy; this is a ...
Our foray into causal analysis is not yet complete. Until we define the methods of causal inference, we can't get to the deeper insights that causal analysis can provide. This article details many of ...
We know that correlation does not imply causation, but careful analyses of correlations are often our only way to quantify cause and effect in domains ranging from healthcare to education. This ...
This paper describes threats to making valid causal inferences about pandemic impacts on student learning based on cross-year comparisons of average test scores. The paper uses Spring 2021 test score ...